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steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and other elements, primarily carbon, that is widely used in construction and other applications because of its high tensile strength and low cost. Steel's base metal is iron, which is able to take on two crystalline forms (allotropic forms), body centered cubic (BCC) and face centered cubic (FCC), depending on its temperature. It is the interaction of those allotropes with the alloying elements, primarily carbon, that gives steel and cast iron their range of unique properties. In the body-centred cubic arrangement, there is an iron atom in the centre of each cube, and in the face-centred cubic, there is one at the center of each of the six faces of the cube. Carbon, other elements, and inclusions within iron act as hardening agents that prevent the movement of dislocations that otherwise occur in the crystal lattices of iron atoms.
The carbon in typical steel alloys may contribute up to 2.1% of its weight. Varying the amount of alloying elements, their presence in the steel either as solute elements, or as precipitated phases, retards the movement of those dislocations that make iron comparatively ductile and weak, and thus controls its qualities such as the hardness, ductility, and tensile strength of the resulting steel. Steel's strength compared to pure iron is only possible at the expense of iron's ductility, of which iron has an excess.
Steel was produced in bloomery furnaces for thousands of years, but its extensive use began after more efficient production methods were devised in the 17th century, with the production of blister steel and then crucible steel. With the invention of the Bessemer process in the mid-19th century, a new era of mass-produced steel began. This was followed by Siemens-Martin process and then Gilchrist-Thomas process that refined the quality of steel. With their introductions, mild steel replaced wrought iron.
Further refinements in the process, such as basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS), largely replaced earlier methods by further lowering the cost of production and increasing the quality of the product. Today, steel is one of the most common materials in the world, with more than 1.3 billion tons produced annually. It is a major component in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, automobiles, machines, appliances, and weapons. Modern steel is generally identified by various grades defined by assorted standards organizations.
Excellent condition 1977 Ruger Security Six, Six inch, stainless steel, double action, .357 Magnum revolver.
Beautifully preserved, I am the second owner I believe. It appears to have been fired very little.
This revolver does not have the atrocious ‘Warning’ stamped into the side of the...
Took apart, cleaned and lubed all of these recently. Most are in like new mint condition and have boxes. Some have been modified as pictured. Willing to cut a deal if buy/trade multiples or all.
As far as trades I'm looking specifically for a Spyderco pm2 pm3or yojimbo 2
Benchmade Vicar or...
I've got 50....maybe 60 AK mags to part with. All eastern block imported in the 90s. Pics of the AKs, the magazines in them are from that lot of mags.
$15 each. 10 for $125. FTF in Kitsap county or shipping on your dime.....USPS flat rate
All sold or SPF
I have a Taurus PT-99 Stainless Steel 9MM handgun up for sale. This handgun has seen little use by me and I purchased it since the Stainless Steel and Gold accent ones are not available anywhere. It has 1 magazine, and functions great. I've just found something else locally I'd rather have...
I'm looking to add to the collection a steel/metal framed pistol chambered in the .45 caliber that is NOT a 1911.
I have several 1911's, i have a G21 gen 4. I just want to add something to the collection. At the moment I'm looking at the Sig p220's but I'm wondering what else is out there?
Hi Guys & Gals
We are holding a fund raiser match at Custer Sportsmens club in Custer, Wa. (up by the Canadian border). We are a USPSA affiliated club and all qualifying scores will be reported. We will have all 8 stages of Steel Challenge on June 29th, 2019 It will be a level 1 match. Each...
Had another great time at ARPC for Speed Steel. Managed 6th overall. With having to switch to my bro’s PCC-O after mine was having issues, to his lower with my upper and then finally back to my PCC-O (got it fixed), I gladly take that placing...lol
I was stoked that it was something simple with...
Hey everybody!
While I have read a ton and learned a lot here, I believe this is my first ever post on this forum!
I recently purchased a brand new S&W 686+ with a 6" barrel. First range day was two days after purchase and I am absolutely smitten with this revolver. It is absolutely great!
I...
Hey everyone, I made a post over in the Items Wanted section about outdoor target stands and after some help from some of you great folks and my own research I found these for a pretty fair price. For anyone new to outdoor shooting looking to build their own target stand rig, or just deal...
high polished Smith and Wesson karambit fixed blade
Cold steel game and trout fixed neck knife
Horizon outdoors LE DUCK amazing neck knife.
Also have some high quality micro tech
Socom and doc clones.
Trade for benchmade kershaw tops and spyderco you'll go or pm2
$120 bucks or best offer
New in box Cold Steel SR1 folder
#62L
Andrew Demco design
CPM-S35VN blade steel
This is my "back up" spare in case I lose the one I carry (yes I like it that much).
My loss / your gain
$99 dollars cash
Sorry NO-TRADES
I'm located in the Hillsboro / Beaverton area
FTF @ Sportsman Warehouse...
Nice pistol that I purchased from a fellow NWFA member a couple of years ago. He put a lot of time and money into upgrading the trigger with CGW stuff. If I remember correctly Race hammer and sear set, spring kit and internal polish. He is welcome to chime in if he likes with what was done. Has...
I have 2 Cold Steel Tantos up for sale both are San Mai, with leather sheath. Knives have been handled but never used. Boxes are damaged but other than that these knives are LNIB. I don't need to sell these but I am getting impatient and want to fund my 1911 sooner than later. Any reasonable...
Price reduced, $630. I will ship this to your FFL if you pay for shipping. Sold
Very nice S&W 629 .44mag with 6" barrel. Three HKS speed loaders included along with 82 rounds of .44mag ammo. Original box and papers.
I bought this used, unsure of round count. I've only put three cylinders...