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Somewhat related - enough, i hope.
I was in Arizona last year. Private party doesn't need FFL. Can I, then, purchase in Arizona private party without FFL, while visiting from Oregon?
Second - you say long guns can be purchased at any state's FFL. In Arizona, they had a big ol' book that showed some sort of diagram of reciprocity. It said Oregon wasn't in the Arizona list, so they couldn't sell long guns or any gun to an Oregon resident - except to ship it to an Oregon FFL for me. And if I remember correctly, Oregon law says you can only purchase at an out of state FFL if it is a state that shares a border with Oregon.
Uff. Dang, this all gets so confusing.
It has to be legal in both states.
If Arizona says it isn't legal because Oregon doesn't have reciprocity with AZ, then it isn't legal.
It really isn't that hard to figure out.
Everything you need to know is online through the ATF, but it can be confusing knowing where to look and what to search.
The answer to your question lies in a publication of the ATF for use by FFL's. The question you ask is answered on page 6:
Permitted Sales to Non-Residents of Your State
You may sell a firearm to a person who does not reside in your State by shipping the firearm to a licensed dealer in the buyer's State of residence and having the buyer take possession of the firearm from that licensee. The licensed dealer in the buyer's State of residence is responsible for the Form 4473 and NICS background check. Your A&D records should reflect the transfer to the out-of-State FFL and not to the end purchaser.
You may make an over-the-counter sale of a rifle or shotgun to a non-resident if the transaction complies with all the laws of your State and the laws of the buyer's State.
We recommend that you refer to the most recent edition of ATF's State Laws and Published Ordinances–Firearms, prior to consummating an over-the-counter sale of a rifle or shotgun to an out-of-State resident.
Source: <broken link removed>
Something to understand about government documents - the term "may" as used above, means that it is at the FFL's discretion - they may choose to sell or not to sell (in compliance with both state's laws, of course). "May" does not mean "shall" - "shall" means they must do something. So, in short, so long as the laws of the state you're buying in, and the state you're residing in don't prohibit it, you may purchase a rifle or shotgun from another state. It's my understanding that some states (not sure which), limit the purchase of long guns to out of state residents to only those that border their state. The ATF does not place this limit.