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Many single-phase motors can be wired to run on either 240V or 120V, including well pump motors. They are typically installed to run on 240V because voltage and current are inversely proportional and the higher voltage allows smaller wire and conduit to be installed to the pump house which reduces cost.My well pump which is probably 240V, does not run off the house power - it has an underground power line that comes straight from the meter (with its own breakers) which is outside on a pole about 20' from the house. Currently no transfer switch or external generator connector there.
There is typically a set of wiring diagrams inside the motor wiring cover that shows how to swap the leads around depending on which voltage is desired. Even though I worked as an electrician for 11 years, it's not rocket science, and it's a good tool for the knowledge toolbox!