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I don't think it was the Just-In-Time manufacturing that crashed the Japanese economy. It worked and still works well as practiced in Japan, but not in the simplistic way as imported to and practiced in America. In Japan, the suppliers were also in Japan. That is, the supply chains were all short. It would be more like the suppliers for a California manufacturer all being within the same area of California. Not spread out all over the world. In addition, in Japan jit was only applied to supplies for which there were multiple suppliers or for supplies for which it was easy to substitute. If there was only one or few possible suppliers and no possibility of substitutes, they did the opposite. They stockpiled the item. They kept a 6 months or more supply in hand.
Any time the supplier is far enough away so that independent transport like truckers or ships are involved, anything that disrupts the transport systems--even minor stuff like a strike, can mess up your access to the supplies. Amazon anticipated these problems, and about three years ago began leasing ships instead of only paying for shipping on ships they didn't control. And they set up more and more of their own trucking and last mile delivery too.
Any time the supplier is in a different country, any problems between the countries can disrupt supply chains.
Any time the supplier is far enough away so that independent transport like truckers or ships are involved, anything that disrupts the transport systems--even minor stuff like a strike, can mess up your access to the supplies. Amazon anticipated these problems, and about three years ago began leasing ships instead of only paying for shipping on ships they didn't control. And they set up more and more of their own trucking and last mile delivery too.
Any time the supplier is in a different country, any problems between the countries can disrupt supply chains.