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Thompson/Center Arms made the case that if one has the parts for both a rifle and a pistol starting with a pistol receiver; they are not in constructive possession of a SBR; rather, the SBR configuration must be assembled to be unlawful. You can legally go Pistol to Rifle to Pistol, as long as it does not go into a SBR configuration. ATF still holds that "Once a Rifle, always a rifle"; meaning you cannot just cut a barrel and swap for a pistol buffer tube (or swap upper for a pistol and swap buffer tube assembly for a pistol tube)
Edit. Thompson/Center case should have ended the SBR portion but it didn't. If it had ended/overturned/nullified just the SBR portion of the NFA, we might not even be having this discussion about braces and everything. The AWB of 1994 might still have happened anyways but at the least people would be free to own SBRs tax-free, had the SBR part of NFA been overturned back in 1992
Plurality | Souter, joined by Rehnquist, O'Connor |
---|---|
Concurrence | Scalia (in judgment), joined by Thomas |
Dissent | White, joined by Blackmun, Stevens, Kennedy |
Dissent | Stevens |
Quoting myself..it looks like it was a 5-4 decision with the 5th hinging on one of the Justices going along and compromising that as long as the SBR configuration is not assembled, it's not constructive possession to have both the stock and 16" barrel kit for a pistol, as opposed to just the stock/brace.
So it looks like based on this.. if you do have an extra 16" upper for your pistol braced firearm, you should be OK? I don't know. We'll see what happens!