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ultra
Ultra was the designation adopted by British military intelligence in June 1941 for wartime signals intelligence obtained by breaking high-level encrypted enemy radio and teleprinter communications at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park. Ultra eventually became the standard designation among the western Allies for all such intelligence. The name arose because the intelligence thus obtained was considered more important than that designated by the highest British security classification then used (Most Secret) and so was regarded as being Ultra secret. Several other cryptonyms had been used for such intelligence. British intelligence first designated it Boniface—presumably to imply that it was the result of human intelligence. The U.S. used the codename Magic for its decrypts from Japanese sources.
Much of the German cipher traffic was encrypted on the Enigma machine. Used properly, the German military Enigma would have been virtually unbreakable; in practice, shortcomings in operation allowed it to be broken. The term "Ultra" has often been used almost synonymously with "Enigma decrypts". However, Ultra also encompassed decrypts of the German Lorenz SZ 40/42 machines that were used by the German High Command, and the Hagelin machine and other Italian and Japanese ciphers and codes such as PURPLE and JN-25.
Many observers, at the time and later, regarded Ultra as immensely valuable to the Allies. Winston Churchill was reported to have told King George VI, when presenting to him Stewart Menzies (head of the Secret Intelligence Service and the person who controlled distribution of Ultra decrypts to the government): "It is thanks to the secret weapon of General Menzies, put into use on all the fronts, that we won the war!" F. W. Winterbotham quoted the western Supreme Allied Commander, Dwight D. Eisenhower, at war's end describing Ultra as having been "decisive" to Allied victory. Sir Harry Hinsley, Bletchley Park veteran and official historian of British Intelligence in World War II, made a similar assessment about Ultra, saying that it shortened the war "by not less than two years and probably by four years"; and that, in the absence of Ultra, it is uncertain how the war would have ended.
Since Ultra was revealed in the middle 1970s, historians have altered the historiography of World War II. For example, Andrew Roberts, writing in the 21st century, states, "Because of the invaluable advantage of being able to read Rommel's Enigma communications, Montgomery knew how short the Germans were of men, ammunition, food and above all fuel. When he put Rommel's picture up in his caravan he wanted to be seen to be almost reading his opponent's mind. In fact he was reading his mail".
^ a b Hinsley & Stripp 1993, p. xx.
^ Lewin 2001, p. 64.
^ Winterbotham 1974, pp. 154, 191.
^ Hinsley 1996.
^ Roberts 2009, p. 297.
You are buying a very nice used Kimber Tactical Ultra II .45 Caliber handgun. The firearm comes with two magazines and its original case with packaging material. The owner affixed Crimson Trace Grips. The original grips are included. Shipping is $35 USPS or $10 OSP background Fee for local...
Beautiful knife. Just not something I want to daily carry. Practically brand new except for a little in-out and giggles.
300 or looking to trade for an mro, ammo, pistols, try me! A 300blk,556, or 9mm 16” complet upper are high on my list!
Always willing to add to a trade too.
Rifle with Vortex crossfire II 6-18x44. Four packs of ammo included. This is used as a hunting rifle with less than 30 rounds though it.
Buyer pay transfer fee.
Used, 1000/5 Lumen high/low. Excellent EDC light, I just use my Stiletto Pro more often. White line is glow tape, it will come right off.
New these are $225ish, asking $150obo
Trades -
Ammo - 357, 30-30, 30-06, 22 mag, 9mm
Glock 17 OEM 17rd and 33rd mags
Quality leather Glock 17 holster...
20ga Browning Ultra XS O/U shotgun, 28 inch Inv + barrels, 2 3/4 in shells, Sk,IC,Mod,IM Inv + flush choke tubes, Hiviz front site, Limbsaver buttpad 14 1/2 inch LOP with adjustable trigger to the rear, orig buttpad also, Browning box with extra triggers & lock. It's used n has some marks n...
7mm ultra mag Remington deluxe model 700 . low use and in excellent condition. leupold 3x9 vari scope. 40 rounds Remington 140 gr, 2 nice leather shoulder straps. collapsible bi pod and soft case. Thanks for looking, David
"The SL-500 is ideal for the professional hunter, shooter, or gunsmith. The SL-500 uses an ultra bright green laser which is 50 to 100 times brighter than red lasers, and is much easier to see in daylight. The SL-500 uses one DL 123 Lithium Battery (included) that provides a battery life of up...
Hello,
This rifle is a Kimber model 84L Mountain Ascent in 280 Ackley Improved with a Zeiss Tera 3X 4-12X42 Scope.
It features skeletonized bolt handle, fluted bolt and barrel for weight savings.
The gun and scope together weighs 6.36 pounds and is an excellent high country rifle.
Included is...
Sig Sauer Ultra Nitron Compact 1911 w/ 7 magazines
I have fired exactly 100 rounds (2 boxes FMJ) through this firearm.
I'm into this gun and magazines $990
I'm looking to sell for $800 $700 $675 obo
More pics available upon request.
Will meet at the FFL of your choice within a reasonable...
Microtech ultratech Sith lord, very good condition, shoots out hard and fast. - $260
Microtech ultratech bounty hunter, very good condition, shoots out fast and hard -$SOLD
Spyderco Amalgam, SOLD
Kizer Sheepdog xl and regular, Both in good condition a couple smudges on regulars blade from...
Finally got to take my new to me RIA 10mm 2011 and test out the new plate rack too. Both worked great except that the 10mm brass would end up between 60-70 feet away. That seems excessive and makes it hard to recover the casings. I paved it out several times to verify distance, truly over 60’...
I have a brand new Bushnell ultra compact red dot for sale. Comes with box and all paperwork. Never been used. I have astigmatism and it won't work with me. It had the shield RSMc footprint.
Garmin Enduro 2 Ultraperformance GPS Smart watch for sale. Very little use, glass and function is perfect. Has Sapphire glass, Titanium bezel, Titanium case back, solar charging, touch screen, 32GB memory, and is loaded with more features than I could ever explain including a super bright...
Apple Watch ultra great battery life
Comes with cord and two bands ranger green and orange
Open to trade for handguns and eotech must be nv and aimpoint
Letting go of some stuff to fund another project. Need to sell by Saturday morning.
Transfer at Mancave Centralia (buyer pays)
Kimber Ultra II Raptor .45 with extra mags
like new with case
No trades
$1100
Micro Raptor like new with extra mags and case $700