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ultra
Ultra was the designation adopted by British military intelligence in June 1941 for wartime signals intelligence obtained by breaking high-level encrypted enemy radio and teleprinter communications at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park. Ultra eventually became the standard designation among the western Allies for all such intelligence. The name arose because the intelligence thus obtained was considered more important than that designated by the highest British security classification then used (Most Secret) and so was regarded as being Ultra secret. Several other cryptonyms had been used for such intelligence. British intelligence first designated it Boniface—presumably to imply that it was the result of human intelligence. The U.S. used the codename Magic for its decrypts from Japanese sources.
Much of the German cipher traffic was encrypted on the Enigma machine. Used properly, the German military Enigma would have been virtually unbreakable; in practice, shortcomings in operation allowed it to be broken. The term "Ultra" has often been used almost synonymously with "Enigma decrypts". However, Ultra also encompassed decrypts of the German Lorenz SZ 40/42 machines that were used by the German High Command, and the Hagelin machine and other Italian and Japanese ciphers and codes such as PURPLE and JN-25.
Many observers, at the time and later, regarded Ultra as immensely valuable to the Allies. Winston Churchill was reported to have told King George VI, when presenting to him Stewart Menzies (head of the Secret Intelligence Service and the person who controlled distribution of Ultra decrypts to the government): "It is thanks to the secret weapon of General Menzies, put into use on all the fronts, that we won the war!" F. W. Winterbotham quoted the western Supreme Allied Commander, Dwight D. Eisenhower, at war's end describing Ultra as having been "decisive" to Allied victory. Sir Harry Hinsley, Bletchley Park veteran and official historian of British Intelligence in World War II, made a similar assessment about Ultra, saying that it shortened the war "by not less than two years and probably by four years"; and that, in the absence of Ultra, it is uncertain how the war would have ended.
Since Ultra was revealed in the middle 1970s, historians have altered the historiography of World War II. For example, Andrew Roberts, writing in the 21st century, states, "Because of the invaluable advantage of being able to read Rommel's Enigma communications, Montgomery knew how short the Germans were of men, ammunition, food and above all fuel. When he put Rommel's picture up in his caravan he wanted to be seen to be almost reading his opponent's mind. In fact he was reading his mail".
^ a b Hinsley & Stripp 1993, p. xx.
^ Lewin 2001, p. 64.
^ Winterbotham 1974, pp. 154, 191.
^ Hinsley 1996.
^ Roberts 2009, p. 297.
Like new condition Taurus 856 UL .38 special +P with less than 15rds through it. Great little pocket of ankle concealed I just have no more use for it. I also have 150rds of Remington UMC and 40rds of Magtech First Defense +P.
$200 for just the revolver
$330 for revolver and Ammo.
Meet in...
I have a lightly used Bushnell Legend 4.5-14 rifle scope available for sale. I purchased this new in 2016. Nice entry level scope. It is in great condition, with no blemishes or damage. Never been dropped. Comes with box, factory paperwork, bikini cover and sun shade. Also included in the sale...
6 boxes of Remington 375 Ultra Mag ammunition. 4 boxes are 300 gr Swift A-Frame PTD SP. Part #PR375UM3. Two boxes are 270 gr Hornady Soft Point. Part #PR375UM2. Price per box. I prefer not to ship and live 25 minutes north of PDX Airport. Sold.
Ultra rare 1of 400 Heckler and Koch HK VP70Z 9x21 Unfired in box.
Mint Collectors Condition, 2 Owner Gun. This is the 9x21 Cal.
One of the rarest HK pistols ever made. Includes box and original Target/Manual
Must be able to come to my FFL in Salem, Oregon.
5o3-Nine49-Nine628
Thank you for your...
I bought this used a while back and it has just been sitting in my garage because I don’t have any rifles to put it on. Here’s the catch. It is missing the screws and I haven’t bothered to go looking for them. So you get a great handguard at an affordable price. Meet in Gresham area and no...
Dedicated Ar-15 .22 Upper with Spikes Tactical Lightweight profile barrel with Oh Hunt skeleton M-Lock rail and Composite receiver super lightweight perfect for a long day of rat hunting or to teach the little ones to shoot or just to carry for your long hike.
It does require a CMMG or Spikes...
These are all New in Box.
Please PM with questions or to make an appt.
No Trades.
Rock Island Armory 1911 A1 XT .22MRF .22 mag $589.00
Walther/Colt 1911 Rail gun .22 LR. $399.00
Kimber Ultra Raptor II 45ACP. $1239.00
Kimber Custom LW 45ACP. $669.00
Rock Island Armory Ultra .40S&W $579.00
Tisas...
Remington 700, DOM decodes to 10-2012 never fired by me, two boxes of factory ammo, RCBS dies (never used) W/shell holder, Bushnell 3x9 with mounts+rings. .$ 1,340
Contact me for more information…
For sale is a 2019 Bowtech Realm SR6 bow. 32 inches axle-to-axle. Nominally a 70 lb bow, this one is tested at 72 lbs... an absolute railgun of a bow but extremely smooth and low-recoil despite it. This one is currently set up with a 30" draw. Professionally set up by Archers Afield in...
New in Box Rexing Digital Trail Camera H2 4K Ultra HD WiFi . $200.00 cash only, no trades, no shipping.
if interested in purchasing or have a question,
PLEASE PRIVATE MESSAGE ME, THANK YOU
New in Box Rexing Digital Trail Camera H2 4K Ultra HD WiFi . $200.00 cash only, no trades, no shipping.
if interested in purchasing or have a question. PLEASE PRIVATE MESSAGE ME, Thank You.
I have a nice Kimber got in trade. Haven't shot much still need to be broken in. Comes with 4 mags original box and holster. Meet in Tigard during the week in the afternoon evening and in Sandy on the weekend.
Selling a new box or 270 weatherby magnum ultra velocity. My wife bought theses for me. She didn't know that I just had a standard 270 Winchester. Stores won't take ammo back so been sitting in the safe. Selling for $45.00 dollars for a box of 20. No trades or shipping. Willing to meet around...