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condition
In numerical analysis, the condition number of a function measures how much the output value of the function can change for a small change in the input argument. This is used to measure how sensitive a function is to changes or errors in the input, and how much error in the output results from an error in the input. Very frequently, one is solving the inverse problem: given
f
(
x
)
=
y
,
{\displaystyle f(x)=y,}
one is solving for x, and thus the condition number of the (local) inverse must be used. In linear regression the condition number of the moment matrix can be used as a diagnostic for multicollinearity.The condition number is an application of the derivative, and is formally defined as the value of the asymptotic worst-case relative change in output for a relative change in input. The "function" is the solution of a problem and the "arguments" are the data in the problem. The condition number is frequently applied to questions in linear algebra, in which case the derivative is straightforward but the error could be in many different directions, and is thus computed from the geometry of the matrix. More generally, condition numbers can be defined for non-linear functions in several variables.
A problem with a low condition number is said to be well-conditioned, while a problem with a high condition number is said to be ill-conditioned. In non-mathematical terms, an ill-conditioned problem is one where, for a small change in the inputs (the independent variables) there is a large change in the answer or dependent variable. This means that the correct solution/answer to the equation becomes hard to find. The condition number is a property of the problem. Paired with the problem are any number of algorithms that can be used to solve the problem, that is, to calculate the solution. Some algorithms have a property called backward stability. In general, a backward stable algorithm can be expected to accurately solve well-conditioned problems. Numerical analysis textbooks give formulas for the condition numbers of problems and identify known backward stable algorithms.
As a rule of thumb, if the condition number
κ
(
A
)
=
10
k
{\displaystyle \kappa (A)=10^{k}}
, then you may lose up to
k
{\displaystyle k}
digits of accuracy on top of what would be lost to the numerical method due to loss of precision from arithmetic methods. However, the condition number does not give the exact value of the maximum inaccuracy that may occur in the algorithm. It generally just bounds it with an estimate (whose computed value depends on the choice of the norm to measure the inaccuracy).
Please Note: $140 for Bare Bow or $220 for Setup as shown in the Photo's
Sold Pending Funds
70lb L.H. Bear Encounter Compound Bow
All set up and ready to shoot
It is set at 29" draw but the module can be re-positioned for longer or shorter draw
Comes as you see in the photo and includes a...
Hello everyone,
I have a Vortex Viper PST gen 2 5-25x50mm scope in mil/mil with EBR7C reticle.
Scope is $1070 brand new on optics planet right now and was mounted on and zeroed but never taken into the field.
It's in great condition.
Comes with Nightforce Ultralight 1.125" ring ($170) and Vortex...
Nice clean Harris Bipod that came with a used rifle that I bought. Needs a new home. Bipod in pics is the exact one that you will receive. Cross posted so First I'll take it followed by an IM or email gets the goods. Several payment options available. Thanks for looking!
$500
27" barrel
Very nice condition, I bought it from a friend a couple years ago, who bought it new, he said he only used it a couple times, always cleaned and put away properly.
45 cal, brass trimmings, patch box has a jag inside.
Any trade needs at least $200 cash in wth the trades...
Kimber Micro 380 - Excellent Condition - $475
Less than 500 rounds. 3, 7 round magazines. DeSantis Gun Hide holster. Case and box. Shoots great, just need funds for next purchase.
**SPF to Buster Beaver** I have an absolutely beautiful HK91 with IB (1981) date code available for sale. This rifle has seen very little use and is in excellent almost as-new condition overall. There are some signs of use but very little although it does look like it may have had a claw mount...
Ruger 57 5.7x28mm 4.94in Black Nitride Pistol - 20+1 Rounds GREAT CONDITION ONLY 100 ROUNDS FIRED
Pistol is three years old. Mostly shot in doors using a custom 57 laser bullet.
Comes with loader, two 20 round magazines, security lock, manufacturers booklet.
Will meet to at any gun shop...
Nash 24B, 28’8 overall length. This is an ‘Off the Grid’ model meaning oversized holding and propane tanks. Solar powered batteries run everything except air and microwave. Plug in or generator(not included) to power them. Has mud grip tires, power jack, super bright front and back ‘work...
This one is $1,500 cash. No trades. I'll throw in a box of shells too. No, it has not been refinished. It's original with receiver retaining 98% of its beautiful blue finish. The Fancy Grade Walnut stocks retain 100% original finish (X grade = Tiger Stripe grain). Please ask me for further...
I have a like new PMR-30 with all the factory stuff and 100 rds of CCI ammo for $350 + Transfer. Or trade on a good lever action pistol caliber or 30/30 rifle. Can meet within 50 miles of Roseburg.
maybe 10 rounds through it
Comes with 100 rounds of 30-30 Winchester Ammo
pictures don't do this beautiful finish justice, pictures keep reflecting... this gun is flawless and beautiful
I'm looking for an H&K VP40 in Good Condition with the mag release on the trigger guard version. Please be willing to ship it. I'm an FFL and can accept shipping from a private person.
Thanks a lot,
David
Only about 20 rounds through it
shoots great
comes with nice leather holster and case
sorry no trades just need the money
But appreciate everyone that takes a look
This has been sitting in my safe unused for a while. There’s been no more than 4 mags run through it.
Would consider trade for a hellcat osp, or something with a motor that runs. Cash is also good, shoot me an offer. Also have a couple hundred rounds that I can include
Located in Sandy