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That's very interesting about the longer barrel thing. Would have to be for specific velocity ammo I would guess? I mean most ammo the limit for max velocity seems to be somewhere around 22" (I assume due to gasses being fully expanded at that length and friction loss starting to reduce speed). Cz has a couple rifles at around 25" and 28" lengths which look pretty cool.Two things that come to mind when talking about long range is this particular instance.
1) Bullet stability. If the Bullet is traveling at supersonic speed at the muzzle, it very well may drop back to subsonic prior to reaching the target. When this happens in flight, the bullet may become destabilized and start to tumble. When this happens, all bets of any type of accuracy are off the table. If it remains stable, then it's just a matter of compensating for trajectory including wind drift for the most part.
2) If the bullet exists the barrel below the speed of sound (subsonic), it avoids the turbulence of breaking and then dropping back down through the sound barrier. These could easily be described as "long range" in regards to bullet stability and its ability to accurately hit targets beyond 100yds.
It is my understanding that there are longer .22lr barrels designed to slow down the bullets to subsonic velocities prior to exiting the barrel itself. This theoretically could also make for more accurate and consistent hit on target down range.
I thought it sounded crazy when I first heard/read about it, but apparently it's a "thing".
Also I totally agree about the sound barrier. Going through the sound barrier twice is the worst in terms of bullet instability.