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One of the biggest advantages of the Garmin Xero chronograph is its so small and easy to use it justifies using every range session, which in turn gives you way more velocity data over time increases the accuracy of your handloads average velocity and ES/SD data, plus any random anomalies stand out...

Preface: an over winter project led me to swap rifle scopes around requiring me to rezero so off to the range I went.
The 1st weekend my first shot recorded an unusually low velocity that stood out. The rest of the loads were the usual expected velocity. I didn't think anything of it other than maybe I miscalculated my charge weight or something, I just kinda ignored it since it was so odd but scope zeroed. The next weekend I went back to get my actual drops out to 300yds, so I loaded up another 10 rounds or so and off to the range I went, again, the very first shot recorded was also unusually low and the shots after that quickly increased back to the usual. I could not think of any cause so again, I ignored the issue.
Over the week I decided to check my action screws and check the inside of my stock for rust or anything since this was used elk hunting in rough weather and a wood stock. This of course meant I will need to, again, check my zero... so I loaded up 20 rounds and off I go to the range. Once again, my very first shot was unusually low. The second shot sped up and the third shot was back to normal as well as all other shots after that within the usual velocity average.
Pondering this I decided to test cold bore velocity, it was a cold day but I put a barrel cooler in and let it run until the barrel was not just cooled off but very cold to the touch like the first shot was. But that velocity was normal. So, its not a cold bore issue.

The only thing now I can think of is its a clean bore issue.... I typically clean after every range session, so this would mean my first shot next time will always be a clean bore shot, and what I think is happening is it takes between 1 and 3 rounds to foul the bore and stabilize the velocity. Whats odd is the rifle shoots the group the same size regardless of fouling or barrel temp, the rifle is a "tack driver" (to me anyways) so while the rifle might not need a fouling shot it could mean that clean bores have less friction?

Has anyone experienced a change in velocity between a clean bore and a fouled bore?


Velocity data and notes:
Date - 1st shot velocity - average velocity of day (either 10 or 20rds average)
3/29 -2968 - 3018
3/22 - 2968 - 3025
3/9 - 2987 - 3016
notes: 25-06ai, 127gn Hammer, H1000 all the same charge weights.


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Interesting thoughts. Does the barrel still have any coating of oil in it when the first, cold bore shot is taken? Your velocity numbers show greater speed from the fouled bore. And I'd think that greater speed would result from less friction, not more.
 
I have a rifle that likes a dirty bore. The first shot after cleaning is always about an inch right but all the others fall into a dime sized group (if I'm doing my part!) After cleaning I always shoot one round and that's all it takes to make it group sub moa from then on. I don't know if clean vs dirty would affect speed that much.
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1974 vintage Winchester Model 70 in 270 Winchester with a Leupold VX-III 2.5-8 scope. Ammo was Remington 130 grain CoreLokt at 100 yards.
 
Interesting thoughts. Does the barrel still have any coating of oil in it when the first, cold bore shot is taken? Your velocity numbers show greater speed from the fouled bore. And I'd think that greater speed would result from less friction, not more.
Oil in the bore could act as a hydraulic force against the bullet, resulting in lower velocity.
 
That first shot is what I call a "fouler". I prefer three of them after a cleaning before I feel the barrel is adequately fouled.
I used to clean when I got home. Stopped that about a decade ago. Now, I only clean barrels after several range sessions, during my semi-annual maintenance of all the guns, or when they start to shoot differently.
 
Has anyone experienced a change in velocity between a clean bore and a fouled bore?
I've had my dad's chronograph since he passed away back in 2011. I've only ever measured the speed of my arrows with it. I've been doing some load development or .270 recently and plan on some more for .44 Special. I've been promising myself I will use that chrony when I shoot those test loads.

Maybe next time you're at the range you could try cleaning after every shot. That might provide the answer.
 
Interesting thoughts. Does the barrel still have any coating of oil in it when the first, cold bore shot is taken? Your velocity numbers show greater speed from the fouled bore. And I'd think that greater speed would result from less friction, not more.
Oil in the bore could act as a hydraulic force against the bullet, resulting in lower velocity.


I gave this some thought yesterday, at first I thought less friction would be faster not slower, but then also considered that as fouling increases it would increase friction which would increase pressure and thus velocity. This is similar to how brand new barrels "speed up" as the throat is roughened up from firecracking growth.

I also considered my cleaning process leaving oil in the bore... After cleaning, I run an gun oil patch then a tight dry patch to squeeze out the excess, but this would still leave a thin film of oil... the first shot is lubed technically, reducing friction.

The lower clean bore velocity is interesting but I think it needs to be noted that all my velocity notes are compiled from an average of at least 10 shots, so definitely a fouled bore velocity average. My thought here is the unique low clean bore velocity is the true velocity of my handload if I thoroughly cleaned the bore every shot. Obviously not a realistic condition.

What I decided to try is I'm not going to clean the bore and will check this first shot velocity next time, my hunch is it will not be an outlier. I will probably only clean my bores if I'm not going to shoot them for a while, with the expectation I will need at least 3 shots to foul the bore. I found it interesting my velocity notes corroborate that common knowledge many hunters use.
Eg, here are my first 6 shots yesterday starting with the cleaned bore oddball and in order. This could explain why I've been struggling to lower my ES and SD (another puzzle)
2968, 3011, 3029, 3030, 3029, 3031
 
Seasoning/Fouling a barrel is important for consistent velocities. Haven't cleaned my 6.5, .308's etc for at least 250+ rounds.

Fouling smooths out the barrel.

So you tell her to wash it out and then immediately stick it in? Probably not, it's going to hurt a little. Needs some lube from carbon.

Look at what bench shooters do. Never shoot a match with a clean barrel.
 
Garmin Xero chronograph
Thanks for mentioning this. I didn't know about them. After reading your post, I watched three Youtube videos about them. I find that I usually have to watch multiples in order to find the most informative version. The Garmin is expensive. But from what I've seen, so much more convenient that the clunky, old Chrony that I've been using.
 
Thanks for mentioning this. I didn't know about them. After reading your post, I watched three Youtube videos about them. I find that I usually have to watch multiples in order to find the most informative version. The Garmin is expensive. But from what I've seen, so much more convenient that the clunky, old Chrony that I've been using.
I cannot even begin to describe enough just how valuable and useful the Garmin has been to my reloading. I bought mine last summer but since then Athlon (rifle scopes) are releasing one thats significantly less than Garmin and appears to be the same size and features.
 
This is an issue with the Garmin. Not sure why. This happens to me nearly every trip. First shot is recorded slow. I've confirmed with my magnetospeed
 
Also, quit cleaning your barrel after just 10 shots. That's bonkers. I personally believe more harm is done to barrels cleaning them than anything else. Shoot it until accuracy starts to slide off or in one particular gun I have in 22-250 velocity starts to spike up around 180-200 ish rounds. It gets cleaned after 100-150 now - so MAYBE once a year
 
This is an issue with the Garmin. Not sure why. This happens to me nearly every trip. First shot is recorded slow. I've confirmed with my magnetospeed
Do you have any more info on this? Ive never heard of this issue and cant find anything yet searching the web.
 
Do you have any more info on this? Ive never heard of this issue and cant find anything yet searching the web.
I haven't really dove into it myself. Did a quick google search and didn't come up with any immediate answer but also didn't read every single forum that popped up. I just figured it was a quirk of the unit. It's been extremely accurate overall and a massive improvement over every other chrono Ive used. I just ignore the first shot velo's. It does the same thing with my bow as well on the first shot
 
I haven't really dove into it myself. Did a quick google search and didn't come up with any immediate answer but also didn't read every single forum that popped up. I just figured it was a quirk of the unit. It's been extremely accurate overall and a massive improvement over every other chrono Ive used. I just ignore the first shot velo's. It does the same thing with my bow as well on the first shot
Is it the first shot of every new string? Or just the first shot of the day?

Because I usually bring two rifles per range day and go back and forth between strings and not detected this other than my one rifle here. I'll have to double check some of the history data...
 
Is it the first shot of every new string? Or just the first shot of the day?

Because I usually bring two rifles per range day and go back and forth between strings and not detected this other than my one rifle here. I'll have to double check some of the history data...
First shot of the day for sure is slow. If I go an do something else/turn it off for awhile then Shoot again with it on it is back to a slow first shot.

It could be entirely unrelated what you're experiencing and what I am.

Fouled guns do pick up speed And sometimes it's significant. That may be playing a part for you. I have a tikka 223 that picked up 150 fps after a couple hundred rounds. Still shoots great so I'm not touching it until groups tell me otherwise
 
First shot of the day for sure is slow. If I go an do something else/turn it off for awhile then Shoot again with it on it is back to a slow first shot.

It could be entirely unrelated what you're experiencing and what I am.

Fouled guns do pick up speed And sometimes it's significant. That may be playing a part for you. I have a tikka 223 that picked up 150 fps after a couple hundred rounds. Still shoots great so I'm not touching it until groups tell me otherwise
This is good to know, I'll keep track of low first shots after power up. Very odd bug, though not a deal breaker to delete first shots but still disappointing in the device if so.
My barrel is well broken in, and settled into its velocity. I will be leaving it fouled unless I know its going to be stored a long time before using again.
 
It's still so much better than any other chrono that it hasn't bothered me a ton - hence not even really looking into it. I just delete the first shot and go on with my day.
 
I don't clean the barrels very often, especially on my precision rifles. I want them fouled at least until groups start to open up which can take quite a few shots depending on the caliber.
 

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