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In South Africa, the Firearms Control Act 60 of 2000 regulates the possession of firearms by civilians. Possession of a firearm is conditional on a competency test and several other factors, including background checking of the applicant, inspection of an owner's premises, and licensing of the weapon by the police introduced in July 2004.
The South African government continues to codify new firearm-related laws, with the goal of protecting the general population. The regulation of firearms forms part of the mandate of the Department of Police, which is led by the Minister of Police. The Civilian Secretariat for Police Service (the Civilian Secretariat) serves as a technical advisory body to the Minister.
In 2010, the process was undergoing review, as the South African Police Service (SAPS) was not able to process competency certifications, new licenses, or renewal of existing licenses in a timely manner. The minimum waiting period used to exceed 2 from the date of application.
The Central Firearms Registry implemented a turnaround strategy that has significantly improved the processing period of new licences. As of 2012, the maximum time allowed to process a license application is currently 90 days.

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