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illuminated
An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the text is supplemented with such decoration as initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations. In the strictest definition, the term refers only to manuscripts decorated with either gold or silver; but in both common usage and modern scholarship, the term refers to any decorated or illustrated manuscript from Western traditions. Comparable Far Eastern and Mesoamerican works are described as painted. Islamic manuscripts may be referred to as illuminated, illustrated or painted, though using essentially the same techniques as Western works.
The earliest extant substantive illuminated manuscripts are from the period 400 to 600, produced in the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire. Their significance lies not only in their inherent artistic and historical value, but also in the maintenance of a link of literacy offered by non-illuminated texts. Had it not been for the monastic scribes of Late Antiquity, most literature of Greece and Rome would have perished. As it was, the patterns of textual survivals were shaped by their usefulness to the severely constricted literate group of Christians. Illumination of manuscripts, as a way of aggrandizing ancient documents, aided their preservation and informative value in an era when new ruling classes were no longer literate, at least in the language used in the manuscripts.
The majority of extant manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many survive from the Renaissance, along with a very limited number from Late Antiquity. The majority are of a religious nature. Especially from the 13th century onward, an increasing number of secular texts were illuminated. Most illuminated manuscripts were created as codices, which had superseded scrolls. A very few illuminated fragments survive on papyrus, which does not last nearly as long as parchment. Most medieval manuscripts, illuminated or not, were written on parchment (most commonly of calf, sheep, or goat skin), but most manuscripts important enough to illuminate were written on the best quality of parchment, called vellum.
Beginning in the Late Middle Ages, manuscripts began to be produced on paper. Very early printed books were sometimes produced with spaces left for rubrics and miniatures, or were given illuminated initials, or decorations in the margin, but the introduction of printing rapidly led to the decline of illumination. Illuminated manuscripts continued to be produced in the early 16th century but in much smaller numbers, mostly for the very wealthy. They are among the most common items to survive from the Middle Ages; many thousands survive. They are also the best surviving specimens of medieval painting, and the best preserved. Indeed, for many areas and time periods, they are the only surviving examples of painting.
Brand new unused. Opened for inspection only. Includes Sunshade, Bikini Cover, Battery, and 20 MOA cantilever mount. The mount is normally $65 sold separately through Arken.
$300 shipped in the Pacific Northwest by Fedex or UPS only. Local pickup available in Salem M-F 7am-2pm.
Interested...
Bushnel AR optics 1-6x24 scope with mount
new never mounted or used
monstrum one piece mount
$150 plus shipping.
paypal or mo
https://www.bushnell.com/riflescopes/view-all-riflescopes/ar-optics-1-6x24-illuminated-riflescope/BU-AR71624I.html
Like new in box Trijicon credo 1-6. Comes with bikini cover, micro fiber, and the soft “storage” case.
I had this scope mounted and decided to go with a 2-10x. It’s a great scope and I was on the fence about selling for a while now, but I’m ready to let it go.
$800. Not really interested in...
Bought this with intention of using it on my 222. Used at range once and decided on putting smaller scope on. My loss you gain. Like new no marks. 1100.00 shipped usps
Nightforce Model C556, SHV, 4-14x50 FFP, illuminated MOAR reticle. In excellent like new condition. I bought it from a member for my 6.5PRC but never mounted it as I stayed with the Vortex PST theme. Something about having different brands and reticles bugs me. :D
$900 local f2f (or plus...
I have an extra Arken EPL-4 lightweight. 6-24x50 MOA reticle(New/in the box). MOA turrets, capped windage, 30mm body. First focal plane, illuminated reticle.
These are the new lighter weight hybrid scopes. They have EP5 internals with Japanese glass. They weigh in at 23.7 oz , while the...
Lightly used and in excellent condition, gen1 athlon argos btr 6-24x50 with their ATMR reticle. This is a 30mm illuminated first focal plane scope with 1/4 moa adjustments.
Includes the throw lever, flip up caps, original box and washers for setting a zero stop.
Would work well in nrl22 base...
Glass is in excellent condition. One small scratch on the bottom of the exterior of the body, not really visible when mounted. Will include rings and pretty much everything from the factory. $2000 plus shipping or willing to meet within an hour of Brownsville. Feel free to PM me with any...
Cash Only $750
- used 3 times only in great condition
- no scratch no dent
- Looks like new
- Everything included in the original box, even the sticker
Hello All,
I have a lightly used IOR Valdada 3x25 Illuminated 3x Scope With Mount & Scope for sale. What you see is what you are buying. Fantastic Scope very clear glass and excellent 3/4 horseshoe retical with The illumination settings are excellent. Very similar to an ACOG in form and use...
Bought this scope a few months back and have shot with it twice.
Although I was grouping well at a hundred yards in the bull my eyes are just too old / astigmatism to reach out further. I need more power.
Have the box, instructions and 2 extra batteries
Has both red and green chevron...
Hello All,
I have a lightly used IOR Valdada 3x25 Illuminated 3x Scope With Mount & Scope for sale. What you see is what you are buying. Fantastic Scope very clear glass and excellent 3/4 horseshoe retical with The illumination settings are excellent. Very similar to an ACOG in form and use...
I am selling a very clean Mossberg (model 1500 made by Howa) heavy barrel .223 target/varmint rifle equipped with a Millet illuminated 4-16x50 scope with target turrets. According to Howa, the rifle has a twist rate of 1 in 12" which should work well with bullets up to 55 grains.
Round count...
I would like to sell my like new Leupold Mark * CQBSS 1.1-8x24 scope. It is a First Focal Plane Scope with the Illuminated TMR Reticle. The model number is 110121. The scope is in great shape and the illumination works perfectly. It will come with what you see in the pictures (scope, box and...