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illuminated
An illuminated manuscript is a manuscript in which the text is supplemented with such decoration as initials, borders (marginalia) and miniature illustrations. In the strictest definition, the term refers only to manuscripts decorated with either gold or silver; but in both common usage and modern scholarship, the term refers to any decorated or illustrated manuscript from Western traditions. Comparable Far Eastern and Mesoamerican works are described as painted. Islamic manuscripts may be referred to as illuminated, illustrated or painted, though using essentially the same techniques as Western works.
The earliest extant substantive illuminated manuscripts are from the period 400 to 600, produced in the Kingdom of the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire. Their significance lies not only in their inherent artistic and historical value, but also in the maintenance of a link of literacy offered by non-illuminated texts. Had it not been for the monastic scribes of Late Antiquity, most literature of Greece and Rome would have perished. As it was, the patterns of textual survivals were shaped by their usefulness to the severely constricted literate group of Christians. Illumination of manuscripts, as a way of aggrandizing ancient documents, aided their preservation and informative value in an era when new ruling classes were no longer literate, at least in the language used in the manuscripts.
The majority of extant manuscripts are from the Middle Ages, although many survive from the Renaissance, along with a very limited number from Late Antiquity. The majority are of a religious nature. Especially from the 13th century onward, an increasing number of secular texts were illuminated. Most illuminated manuscripts were created as codices, which had superseded scrolls. A very few illuminated fragments survive on papyrus, which does not last nearly as long as parchment. Most medieval manuscripts, illuminated or not, were written on parchment (most commonly of calf, sheep, or goat skin), but most manuscripts important enough to illuminate were written on the best quality of parchment, called vellum.
Beginning in the Late Middle Ages, manuscripts began to be produced on paper. Very early printed books were sometimes produced with spaces left for rubrics and miniatures, or were given illuminated initials, or decorations in the margin, but the introduction of printing rapidly led to the decline of illumination. Illuminated manuscripts continued to be produced in the early 16th century but in much smaller numbers, mostly for the very wealthy. They are among the most common items to survive from the Middle Ages; many thousands survive. They are also the best surviving specimens of medieval painting, and the best preserved. Indeed, for many areas and time periods, they are the only surviving examples of painting.
I’m selling a Leupold VX6 3-18x44 scope. Model #120597. Please note this is NOT the HD model. Illuminated Fire-Dot Windplex reticle. 2nd Focal. MOA. Glass is in great condition. Scope does have ring marks and a few marks here and there. CDS dial has been redeemed. I do not have the original box...
This one fnally showed up, but I've already replaced it. New and unmounted. $2,300
Only straight trade I'd want would be a new NF ATACR 4-16x42 F1 in Mil
Never opened--seal intact on box. $1200 face to Face -- $1250 via Paypal Friends and Family shipped Via Priority with full insurance.
Zeiss Conquest V4 Features
High definition glass provides 90% light transmission
Proven 4X Zoom
30mm main tube, constructed of aircraft-grade aluminum for...
Scope was mounted and zeroed and saw maybe 20 rounds total after that. Just decided I wanted something with a little more top end.
SCR2 Mil reticle with illumination, comes with capped windage and an exposed windage turret as well. Burris throw leaver included.
$800 OBO
Trades for Aimpoint...
Vortex Viper PST 4-16x50 illuminated EBR1 in Leupold mid height rings.
Was bought and put on a rifle that has sat for a year, has been a safe queen and is pretty much brand new. I paid 500 for it before I put the rings on it. $450 final price drop
Comes with box and all manufacturers...
Used in good to very good condition, Comes in the box with manual, scope caps and is currently mounted in a NF 34mm 20 MOA Unimount.
Scope with mount $1000
Scope only $850
Willing to trade up or down for Eotech, Aimpoint, RMRs, NF 4-20/5-25 ATACR with Mil-XT reticle, Mk4/Mk5 with PR2 Mil or...
Sightmark 8.5-25X50 Triple Duty Riflescope Illuminated Mil-Dot Reticle I received on a rifle. In good shape, no issues with glass or reticle dual color illumination (green lights up the reticle more evenly than red though.) Seems like it's been out of production for awhile, here are some (OOS)...
Want to sell as a unit, wont separate. Trade interest possible. No ars, no hunting rifles, Interested in Very nice glock 19 or 17 with mags. possibly others. No boxs but in mint cond. Please do your research first. Pm offers please, text 503-586-6162. Thank you.
Excellent condition Steiner M332 3x prism scope with Eotech EFLX piggyback red dot.
M332 has very minor salt marks on the battery cover but perfect otherwise. Includes Tenebrex kill flash and factory QD mount. Super clear Schott glass, same as ACOG, with more forgiving eye box and much greater...
My larger calIber rifles have been sold, so tthis optic is no longer needed here. I have tried it out on the 22LR collection & it's proven to be just a bit too big for that.
Optic with 30mm rings mounted has been sold. The other one with separate 30mm rings is still available.
Primary Arms...
Selling my Weaver Tactical 2-10x36. It is FFP, MRAD, Locking turrets, Japanese made, and illuminated reticle. Comes with an Aero Precision SPR mount. Crystal clear very nice glass. Scope is in near mint condition. Here's a link to the scope at Midway...
https://www.primaryarms.com/primary-arms-slx-1x-microprism-with-green-illuminated-acss-cyclops-gen-2-reticle
Bought a few months back and never even opened the box until these pics!
Retails for $250 now, paid $270
Asking $195, $175, meet around Hillsboro
Sold
I am selling less than 4 months old Leupold VX-6HD 4-24x52mm (2nd Focal Plane) Scope w/ Illuminated FireDot Duplex Reticle. From the beginning of this year I am making some major changes in my life and that includes selling half of my firearms and accessories and spending money on other things...
Rmr dual illuminated RMO8. This is the model that is powered by tritium and does not use batteries. Reticle is an Amber triangle. Sent to Trijicon to replace the tritium in early 2023. Expected tritium lifespan is 12 years but they have a lifetime warranty and will replace as needed. Have...
***TRADE PENDING***
This scope has some light handling marks but is in really good condition. The red dot is much brighter than what my phone pics show. Looking for trades. I'm partial to nice hunting rifles with wood stocks. Ruger #1's in interesting calibers, Ruger Compact, M77RL's...
Kel-Tec RDB-s: I've had it for a few years.
Taken it out for fun a handfull of times.
Never trained with, never abused.
Comes with:
Rifle
10 round mag
Factory Box
Factory sites and sling
Aftermarket folding front site
Manual
Chamber Flag
250 rounds from Fenix Ammunition
!!!Optic and 30rnd mag...
I was looking for a cheap LPVO for a Tippmann M4-22 and ran across this on Midway a while back. Ordered one, as I'd only ever seen them for $199.99 elsewhere. Wasn't expecting much, but am pleasantly surprised at the quality. It's sure as heck better than anything similar in this price range...