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A nonmetal is a chemical element generally characterized by low density and high electronegativity (the ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself). They range from colorless gases like hydrogen to shiny solids like the graphite form of carbon. Nonmetals are often poor conductors of heat and electricity, and when solid tend to be brittle or crumbly. In contrast, metals are good conductors and most are pliable. While compounds of metals tend to be basic, those of nonmetals tend to be acidic.
The two lightest nonmetals, hydrogen and helium, together make up about 99% of the observable ordinary matter in the universe by mass. Five nonmetallic elements—hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silicon—make up most of the Earth's crust, atmosphere, oceans and biosphere.
The distinct properties of nonmetallic elements allow for specific uses that metals often cannot achieve. Elements like hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen are essential building blocks for life itself. Moreover, nonmetallic elements are integral to industries such as electronics, energy storage, agriculture, and chemical production.
While the term "non-metallic" can be traced back to at least 1566, there is no universally accepted definition of a nonmetal. As some elements have a marked combination of metallic and nonmetallic properties, lists of nonmetals typically vary from 14 to 24 members.

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