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Model M designates a group of computer keyboards designed and manufactured by IBM starting in 1985, and later by Lexmark International, Maxi Switch, and Unicomp. The keyboard's many variations have their own distinct characteristics, with the vast majority having a buckling-spring key design and swappable keycaps. Model M keyboards have been praised by computer enthusiasts and frequent typists due to their durability and consistency, and the tactile and auditory feedback they provide.
The popularity of the IBM PC and its successors made the Model M's design tremendously influential, to the point where almost all later general-purpose computer keyboards would mimic not only its key layout but other aspects of its ergonomics as well. That layout would become standardized by ISO in 1994 and ANSI in 1998; with minor additions, notably of the Windows key and Menu key, it continues to dominate today.
The Model M is also regarded as a timeless and durable piece of hardware. Although the computers and computer peripherals produced concurrently with the Model M are considered obsolete, many Model M keyboards are still in use due to their physical durability and the continued validity of their ANSI 101-key and ISO 102-key layouts, through the use of a PS/2 female to USB male adapter with a built-in level converter. Since their original popularity, new generations have rediscovered their unique functionality and aesthetics.It is estimated that during the IBM/Lexmark years over 10 million Model Ms were shipped, but the keyboard's mass-market success ended in the 1990s amidst an industry-wide switchover to lower-cost dome-switch devices. After the end of its product lifetime it became the focus of an enthusiast community that puts a remarkable amount of effort into salvaging vintage model Ms, restoring them, and adapting them for use with modern computers.
The Kentucky-based company Unicomp continues to manufacture and sell new Model M keyboards as an upgrade to customers who require ruggedness, long-term reliability, and the ergonomic benefits of tactile feedback.

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