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Performance-enhancing substances, also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PED's), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans. A well-known example involves doping in sport, where banned physical performance-enhancing drugs are used by athletes and bodybuilders. Athletic performance-enhancing substances are sometimes referred to as ergogenic aids. Cognitive performance-enhancing drugs, commonly called nootropics, are sometimes used by students to improve academic performance. Performance-enhancing substances are also used by military personnel to enhance combat performance.The use of performance-enhancing drugs spans the categories of legitimate use and substance abuse.

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