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Pepper spray, also known as oleoresin capsicum spray or O.C. spray or capsaicin spray or capsicum spray, is a lachrymatory agent (a chemical weapon that irritates the eyes to cause a burning sensation, pain, and temporary blindness) used in policing, riot control, crowd control, and self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears. Its inflammatory effects cause the eyes to close, temporarily taking away vision. This temporary blindness allows officers to more easily restrain subjects and permits people in danger to use pepper spray in self-defense for an opportunity to escape. It also causes temporary discomfort and burning of the lungs which causes shortness of breath.
Pepper spray was engineered into a weapons grade chemical agent by Kamran Loghman when he worked for the FBI in the 1980s. Loghman also wrote the guide for police departments on how it should be used. After police sprayed peaceful protestors at University of California in 2011, Loghman came to regret his work and said, "I have never seen such an inappropriate and improper use of chemical agents".

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