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You can get a minimum temp reading if you have a well; by letting the water at a faucet run for some minutes and then holding a thermometer under the water for a while, you get the approx temp of the ground at the well depth.In the Willamette Valley, the ground is about 55 degrees F. year round about 10 feet down. Perfect for cooling in the Summer, and warm enough to heat when the air is below freezing.
I looked into this option over 10 years ago. The underground part of the system is ridiculously expensive, even if I dug the trench myself. I have an excavator, and plenty of open area with deep soil to put the trench. Something like a 25-year payoff.
IIRC, mine is about 45-50*F? This is better than 20-35*F avg air temps in the winter here, and especially at night. I just got an inch of snow - it is melting but I expect more tomorrow morning. It is the night temps that require heating here. I plan to build an ICF walled house with good insulation, a geothermal heat pump, radiant hydronic floor heating in the house and shop. Maybe add "earth tubes" too.
Yes, geothermal heat pump using hydronics is expensive but if the goal is long term self-reliance (and mine is), and you can afford it (and/or DIY - some people have), then this is one step towards less reliance on grid power. I intend to also have solar PV power - enough to run most everything, including the heat pump - again, not cheap, expensive ($2-$4 per watt) and payoff is long term.
What I want to build - a property/shelter that is as self-reliant as possible - is not inexpensive. Which is why I want as much $ as possible from selling my current property.
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