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ultra
Ultra was the designation adopted by British military intelligence in June 1941 for wartime signals intelligence obtained by breaking high-level encrypted enemy radio and teleprinter communications at the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) at Bletchley Park. Ultra eventually became the standard designation among the western Allies for all such intelligence. The name arose because the intelligence thus obtained was considered more important than that designated by the highest British security classification then used (Most Secret) and so was regarded as being Ultra secret. Several other cryptonyms had been used for such intelligence. British intelligence first designated it Boniface—presumably to imply that it was the result of human intelligence. The U.S. used the codename Magic for its decrypts from Japanese sources.
Much of the German cipher traffic was encrypted on the Enigma machine. Used properly, the German military Enigma would have been virtually unbreakable; in practice, shortcomings in operation allowed it to be broken. The term "Ultra" has often been used almost synonymously with "Enigma decrypts". However, Ultra also encompassed decrypts of the German Lorenz SZ 40/42 machines that were used by the German High Command, and the Hagelin machine and other Italian and Japanese ciphers and codes such as PURPLE and JN-25.
Many observers, at the time and later, regarded Ultra as immensely valuable to the Allies. Winston Churchill was reported to have told King George VI, when presenting to him Stewart Menzies (head of the Secret Intelligence Service and the person who controlled distribution of Ultra decrypts to the government): "It is thanks to the secret weapon of General Menzies, put into use on all the fronts, that we won the war!" F. W. Winterbotham quoted the western Supreme Allied Commander, Dwight D. Eisenhower, at war's end describing Ultra as having been "decisive" to Allied victory. Sir Harry Hinsley, Bletchley Park veteran and official historian of British Intelligence in World War II, made a similar assessment about Ultra, saying that it shortened the war "by not less than two years and probably by four years"; and that, in the absence of Ultra, it is uncertain how the war would have ended.
Since Ultra was revealed in the middle 1970s, historians have altered the historiography of World War II. For example, Andrew Roberts, writing in the 21st century, states, "Because of the invaluable advantage of being able to read Rommel's Enigma communications, Montgomery knew how short the Germans were of men, ammunition, food and above all fuel. When he put Rommel's picture up in his caravan he wanted to be seen to be almost reading his opponent's mind. In fact he was reading his mail".
^ a b Hinsley & Stripp 1993, p. xx.
^ Lewin 2001, p. 64.
^ Winterbotham 1974, pp. 154, 191.
^ Hinsley 1996.
^ Roberts 2009, p. 297.
I have a Tac Ultra that has become a safe queen and need a new home and I need to fund a dirt jumper. It has less than 500 rounds and is in good shape. I'll throw in a home made Kydex holster if desired. Buyer pays fees. Prefer face to face in Hillsboro. I could travel a short distance for the...
For sale is Rock Island 9mm Tac Ultra, which is basically a double stack 9mm 1911/Para P17 clone.
This was a project gun of mine that I never fully finished and lost interest in. Some of what I did:
-fire control parts were polished and mainspring was replaced. Trigger is now a crisp 2.5#
-...
Brand new condition
Has original box, paperwork, wrench for install
Warranty card unused
inspected on 05-11-21
SN on box matches the SN on optic
Asking $400 cash or will ship
—What I am really wanting to trade for is a quality 7.5”-10.3” Complete AR upper 5.56 with bolt carrier and charging...
I've got a nice lot of 7.62x39 ammo for sale. Recently got out of the caliber and no longer have any use for this great ammo. Great hunting or self defense ammo. One of the most accurate and lethal AK loadings on the market...
Scope is: VIPER® PST™ GEN II
5-25X50 FFP
Rifle and Scope was purchased last year in 2021, has about 35 rounds through it.
Rifle, Scope, Sling, bipod and 35 rounds! Still have box fo Scope. This is a 6.5 PRC -
Prefer to meet in person and willing to drive. I can ship if needed.
Selling my Taurus Judge 4410 2.5" 5 round chamber with 3" barrel Matte Stainless Steel. Comes with 50 rounds of 45 LC and a leather Galco holster. I have owned this gun for approximately 10 years. I have used it as my side carry during hunting and backpacking trips. It has become to heavy(even...
For sale is Rock Island 9mm Tac Ultra, which is basically a double stack 9mm 1911/Para P17 clone.
This was a project gun of mine that I never fully finished and lost interest in. Some of what I did:
-fire control parts were polished and mainspring was replaced. Trigger is now a crisp 2.5#
-...
https://www.armscor.com/firearms-list/rock-ultra-hc-10mm-16rd
Put about 100 rounds through it at the range. It is a tack driver, but for my small hands I prefer my Xdm 10mm.
Comes with all accessories as shown in link above.
$650 firm. Located in Spokane. Prefer local transfers, but we can...
Geissele ultra duty lower parts kit, brand new and includes everything except safety
Maritime bolt catch, 5 axis trigger guard, takedown pins, mag release and all detents and springs to build a lower. $90 no trades
I have 2 Geissele ultra duty lower parts kits that just arrived today but I no longer need.
Paid $145ea plus shipping. Selling for $145ea if you pick up locally or if nobody needs them I will return by the weekend, get one without shipping now.
-Super coonfigurable ambi safety ($75 by itself...
Barley carried ASP Model 450 Ultra Cuffs with key and ASP ballistic pouch. Cuffs have keyholes on both sides of each cuff, cuffs are double locking single PAWL locks, Lock sets are interchangeable and replaceable, Aluminum Bow for reduced weight, cuffs are all black, comes with key(compatible...
ASP Handcuffs, Model 450 Forged frame with alluminum bow, key holes of both sides or each cuff, cuffs double lock, replaceable lock sets, smooth operation, 2 hardened steel chain links, cuffs are all black, comes with ASP Ultra Cuffs, open top ballistic cuff pouch/case(belt and MOLLE...
Glock 19 gen 5
2 mags
No box no extras
Trijicon hd yellow
Surefire x300u-b ultra 1000 lumen
Trade for palmetto armory psak ak47 forged with the magpul furniture
Meet money market pawn on powell for transfer each pay own