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riffle
A riffle is a shallow landform in a flowing channel, and it has specific topographic, sedimentary, and hydraulic indicators. These are almost always assessed at a very low discharge compared to the flow that fills the channel (approximately 10–20%), and as a result the water moving over a riffle appears shallow and fast, with a wavy, disturbed water surface. The water's surface over a riffle at low flow also has a much steeper slope than that over other in-channel landforms. Channel sections with a mean water surface slope of roughly 0.1 to 0.5% exhibit riffles, though they can occur in steeper or gentler sloping channels with coarser or finer bed materials, respectively. Except in the period after a flood (when fresh material is deposited on a riffle), the sediment on the riverbed in a riffle is usually much coarser than on that in any other in-channel landform.
Terrestrial valleys normally consist of channels – geometric depressions in the valley floor carved by flowing water – and overbank regions that include floodplains and terraces. Some channels have shapes and sizes that hardly change along the river; these do not have riffles. However, many channels exhibit readily apparent changes in width, bed elevation, and slope. In these cases, scientists realized that the riverbed often tends to rise and fall with distance downstream relative to an average elevation of the river's slope. That led scientists to map the bed elevation down the deepest path in a channel, called the thalweg, to obtain a longitudinal profile. Then, the piecewise linear slope of the river is computed and removed to leave just the rise and fall of the elevation about the channel's trendline. According to the zero-crossing method, riffles are all the locations along the channel whose residual elevation is greater than zero. Because of the prevalence of this method for identifying and mapping riffles, riffles are often thought of as part of a paired sequence, alternating with pools- the lows between the riffles. However, modern topographic maps of rivers with meter-scale resolution reveal that rivers exhibit a diversity of in-channel landforms.For a long time, scientists have observed that, all other things being equal, riffles tend to be substantially wider than other in-channel landforms, but only recently has there been high enough quality of river maps to confirm that this is true. The physics mechanism that explains why this happens is called flow convergence routing. This mechanism may be used in river engineering to design self-sustainable riffles, given a suitable sediment supply and flow regime. When an in-channel landform is shallow and narrow, instead of shallow and wide, it is called a nozzle.
Riffles are biologically very important, because many aquatic species rely on them in one way or another. Many benthic macroinvertebrates are present in riffles, so fish often locate just downstream of a riffle to wait for these small creatures to drift down to them. That draws fisherman to these natural fish feeding stations as well. Riffles also serve to aerate the water, increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen.
I have had this beautiful riffle for over 20yrs. I have never cleaned it and fired it. They sprayed a protective coating on it before shipping. These start around 550 and then go up in price depending on condition and mine is in great everything and has the whole bayonet set up. First 425 cash...
I have my browning xbolt hells canyon 300 win mag up for sale. The asr muzzle device does not come with the rifle, it will come with the factory brake. The scope is NOT included in the price. 180 rounds of 178gr TAP and 40 rounds of 190gr Nosler.
Rifle only $750
Ammo only after rifle sells $450...
Beautiful condition vz52 in 7.62x45 I have about 450rds of ammo for it open to trades for nice bolt or lever guns also interested in aks my trade value for whole package is about 1200 also have the 7.62x39 conversion for it
Ruger 1022 built to look like the g36. Comes with 15 & 30 round mag. Pretty fun little plinker and looks wicked cool.
250 obo
Looking for 9mm pistol ar platform
Up for sale is my Ruger 10/22, housed in a Troy industries TRX T22 kit. Rifle has less than 500 rounds through it and has ran great through all those rounds! The kit its self is no longer available, so finding another one like this would be tricky!
Price is for everything shown in the pictures...
Like new utg two rifle soft shell case. Actually a pretty dang nice bag. Non suspecting, black and silver in color, and of good quality. Will securely hold two riffles utilizing a padded divider so there is no rifle to rifle contact. Plenty of storage on the front as well. Top section contains...
For sale is an ACE skeleton stock.
Includes the extension as well as the buffer spring and riffle length buffer.
Lookin for $100 or trade for an SB tactical HBPDW, SBA4 or SBPDW pistol brace
Looking to trade my sig sauer 1911 , will come with two 8 round mags and a bag of .45 (100+rounds) for a completed rifle .
bought the 1911 1200$ brand new few years ago . Probably put no more than 120 rounds through it . She sits in my safe and comes out on occasions but mainly just sits and...
Diamondback DB15 5.56/223
16”DB 15”MLOK VRAIL
Black gold semi auto AR 223/556 NATO 16” barrel
Less than 300rnds on the barrel
Purchase it last year december to be exact
Price for the riffle 900$ when I purchase
Upgrade
magpul pistol grip FDE price 20$
Olight odin mini FDE price 140$
Riffle...
Hi all. I’m new to reloading and ready to get started. I have a problem though. Same as most of y’all. Can’t find primer anywhere. I’m thinking of driving to Livingston ID to CCI to purchase. Has anyone done this or looked into it? No worries. But if you have some you don’t need please...
I am out of SRP, but have SPP, and some factory .223 i would be willing to trade. I am also interested in a straight purchase, but not willing to pay gouging prices. I will pay up to .06 a primer, that is still double what retail is if you can find them.
Please let me know.
I have a century arms Citme battle raffle .308 never been fired just cleaned and lube. Also comes with 6 magazines that hold 20 rounds. All mags are fully loaded with a total of 120 rounds. Another 380 rounds in a can for an extra $100. I’m selling everything for $800 and another $100 for extra...